Aristocracy and Political Adaption
Like monarch, aristocratic elites have survived only they have not resisted fundamental political and social change, especially the gradual democratization of political authority and the development of new sources of wealth along with economic growth and industrialization.
For example, in England, the aristocracy proved receptive to capitalism, in part because the land was early given over the raising of sheep for the profitable wool trade and in part because only the firstborn male could inherit his father's property and aristocratic title. In England, there were consequently many sons and daughters of aristocracy who were without inherited title of wealth and they frequently made alliances in business and through marriages with an enterprising bourgeoisie or middle class.
In the most of the continental countries of Europe, however, the land remained under the plow for production of cereal crops. This in turn induced the land aristocracy to insist on maintaining its traditional feudal control over the peasantry. And in most of Europe, aristocratic title was transmitted too and the wealth divided among all the family's heirs, which in turn contributed to a rigid separation of the society's social classes.
These traditional social patterns help to explain the relative political stability of England (and the survival to this day the British aristocracy) and the relative instability and disappearance of aristocracy in most of the European countries. And where the aristocracy was completely swept away by war or revolution (France and Germany), the swelling proletariat found few champions to intercede on its behalf with the growing capitalist classes.
In England prior to the rise of working class parties, the aristocracy and even the traditional Tories proved responsive to the workers' demands for better living conditions and employment security. This also helps to explain the willingness of socialist governments in England to tolerate, however grudgingly, the continuing privileges and high social status of the British aristocracy.
像君主，貴族精英們只存活，他們沒有抵抗，隨著經濟增長和工業化的根本的政治和社會變革，特別是政治權力的逐步民主化和發展新的財富來源。
例如，在英國，貴族證明接受資本主義的一部分，因為早在羊為提高盈利的羊毛貿易和部分土地被給定的，因為只有的長子男性可以繼承他父親的財產和貴族稱號。在英國，因此，許多貴族的兒子和女兒沒有繼承財富的稱號，他們經常做的業務，並通過一個積極進取的資產階級或中產階級的婚姻聯盟。
然而，在大多數歐洲大陸國家，土地仍然下犁禾穀類作物的生產。這反過來誘導的土地貴族，堅持維護其對農民的封建傳統的控制。和大部分歐洲國家，貴族稱號傳到了財富之間的所有家族的繼承人，這反過來又促成了社會的社會階層僵化的分離分為。
這些傳統的社會模式有助於解釋英國的政治相對穩定（和生存的這一天，英國貴族）和相對不穩定和大多數歐洲國家的貴族失踪。和貴族的戰爭或革命（法國和德國），完全被橫掃，腫脹無產階級發現幾個冠軍，與不斷增長的資本家階級的代表說情。
在英國之前，工人階級政黨的崛起，貴族，甚至傳統的保守黨證明更好的生活條件和就業保障的工人的需求作出反應。這也有助於解釋在英國的社會主義政府願意容忍，但是勉強的，持續的特權和高社會地位的英國貴族。
For example, in England, the aristocracy proved receptive to capitalism, in part because the land was early given over the raising of sheep for the profitable wool trade and in part because only the firstborn male could inherit his father's property and aristocratic title. In England, there were consequently many sons and daughters of aristocracy who were without inherited title of wealth and they frequently made alliances in business and through marriages with an enterprising bourgeoisie or middle class.
In the most of the continental countries of Europe, however, the land remained under the plow for production of cereal crops. This in turn induced the land aristocracy to insist on maintaining its traditional feudal control over the peasantry. And in most of Europe, aristocratic title was transmitted too and the wealth divided among all the family's heirs, which in turn contributed to a rigid separation of the society's social classes.
These traditional social patterns help to explain the relative political stability of England (and the survival to this day the British aristocracy) and the relative instability and disappearance of aristocracy in most of the European countries. And where the aristocracy was completely swept away by war or revolution (France and Germany), the swelling proletariat found few champions to intercede on its behalf with the growing capitalist classes.
In England prior to the rise of working class parties, the aristocracy and even the traditional Tories proved responsive to the workers' demands for better living conditions and employment security. This also helps to explain the willingness of socialist governments in England to tolerate, however grudgingly, the continuing privileges and high social status of the British aristocracy.
像君主，貴族精英們只存活，他們沒有抵抗，隨著經濟增長和工業化的根本的政治和社會變革，特別是政治權力的逐步民主化和發展新的財富來源。
例如，在英國，貴族證明接受資本主義的一部分，因為早在羊為提高盈利的羊毛貿易和部分土地被給定的，因為只有的長子男性可以繼承他父親的財產和貴族稱號。在英國，因此，許多貴族的兒子和女兒沒有繼承財富的稱號，他們經常做的業務，並通過一個積極進取的資產階級或中產階級的婚姻聯盟。
然而，在大多數歐洲大陸國家，土地仍然下犁禾穀類作物的生產。這反過來誘導的土地貴族，堅持維護其對農民的封建傳統的控制。和大部分歐洲國家，貴族稱號傳到了財富之間的所有家族的繼承人，這反過來又促成了社會的社會階層僵化的分離分為。
這些傳統的社會模式有助於解釋英國的政治相對穩定（和生存的這一天，英國貴族）和相對不穩定和大多數歐洲國家的貴族失踪。和貴族的戰爭或革命（法國和德國），完全被橫掃，腫脹無產階級發現幾個冠軍，與不斷增長的資本家階級的代表說情。
在英國之前，工人階級政黨的崛起，貴族，甚至傳統的保守黨證明更好的生活條件和就業保障的工人的需求作出反應。這也有助於解釋在英國的社會主義政府願意容忍，但是勉強的，持續的特權和高社會地位的英國貴族。
